Sertraline and its Uses
Sertraline is a type of antidepressant known as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI).
Like other medications in this class (such as Sertraline and Paxil), Sertraline relieves symptoms of depression without the side effects that many people experience with the older tricyclic antidepressants and MAO inhibitors.
Sertraline is approved to treat depression, social anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) in adults over age 18.
|| Top || Working Mechanism of Sertraline
Nerve cells in the brain and the rest of the nervous system use chemical messengers. These messengers called neurotransmitters help cells send messages to each other. One of these messengers is called serotonin.
Studies show that serotonin plays a vital role in how our body works. It controls sleep, appetite, temperature, and blood vessel tone. It's also in charge of the release of certain hormones and how much pain we feel.
Because it is linked with so many functions in our body, serotonin has an effect on a wide range of conditions such as depression.
When serotonin is released from nerve cells in the brain it acts to lighten mood. When it is reabsorbed into the nerve cells, it no longer has an effect on mood. It is thought that when depression occurs, there may be a decreased amount of serotonin released from nerve cells in the brain.
Sertraline works by preventing serotonin from being reabsorbed back into the nerve cells in the brain. This helps prolong the mood lightening effect of any released serotonin. In this way, sertraline helps relieve depression.
Sertraline may also be used in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. It is not fully understood how it works in these conditions.
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Sertraline Dose
Missed Dose of Sertraline
Take the missed dose of Sertraline as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for the next regularly scheduled dose of Sertraline, skip the missed dose and take the next one as directed. Do not take a double dose of Sertraline.
Excess Dose of Sertraline Sertraline in excess dose may show symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, tremor, seizures, agitation, drowsiness, hyperactivity, and enlarged pupils.
Conditions for Storage of Sertraline
Store Sertraline at room temperature away from moisture and heat.
Potencies of Sertraline
Sertraline Tablets: Sertraline 50 mg & Sertraline 100 mg
|| Top || Food and Drug Interactions with Sertraline
- Sertraline must not be taken at the same time as monoamine oxidase inhibitor antidepressants (MAOIs) such as phenelzine, isocarboxazid or tranylcypromine, or with selegiline, which is also an MAOI and is used to treat Parkinson's disease. If you have been taking one of these MAOIs you should not start treatment with fluoxetine until at least 14 days after stopping the MAOI. Treatment with an MAOI, or with the related antidepressant moclobemide, should not be started until at least five weeks after fluoxetine has been stopped.
- Sertraline may increase the blood levels of the following medicines, and your doctor may consequently reduce the dose of these if they are taken with fluoxetine, or if you have taken fluoxetine in the previous five weeks:
- carbamazepine
- clozapine
- flecainide
- tricyclic antidepressants such as imipramine, amitriptyline, clomipramine, desipramine
- phenytoin
- benzodiazepines such as diazepam or alprazolam. (If these are taken with Sertraline there may be an increased chance of drowsiness.)
- If Sertraline is taken with lithium it may cause the blood level of lithium to rise, or there may be an increased risk of side effects. The combination should only be used with caution.
- There may be an increased risk of side effects if Sertraline is taken with the following, which also enhance the activity of serotonin in the brain:
- triptans for migraine, e.g. sumatriptan
- tramadol
- tryptophan.
- The herbal remedy St John's wort should not be taken with Sertraline for the same reason.
- Sertraline may increase the effect of anti-blood-clotting medicines (anticoagulants) such as warfarin, and this may increase the risk of bleeding. If you are taking an anticoagulant with Sertraline, your blood clotting time should be regularly monitored.
- As SSRIs have been associated with bleeding abnormalities, the following medicines, which are known to affect the ability of the blood to clot, should be used with caution with Sertraline:
- tricyclic antidepressants
- some antipsychotic medicines
- some antisickness medicines, e.g. prochlorperazine
- aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen
- ticlopidine
- dipyridamole.
- Treatment with Sertraline may alter control of blood sugar in people with diabetes, who may need an adjustment in their dose of insulin or antidiabetic tablets.
- There may be an increased risk of side effects if Sertraline is taken with antipsychotic medicines such as haloperidol.
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Contraindications with Sertraline
Sertraline is contraindicated in the following:
- Children and adolescents under 18 years of age for the treatment of depressive illness
- People who have taken a monoamine-oxidase inhibitor antidepressant (MAOI) in the last 14 days
- Manic episodes of manic depression (bipolar affective disorder)
- Severely decreased liver function
- Uncontrolled epilepsy
- People taking the antipsychotic medicine pimozide
- Allergy to one or any of its ingredients
- Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
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Precautions with Sertraline
Sertraline should be used with caution in;
- Elderly people
- Young adults
- History of suicidal behavior or thoughts
- History of mania or hypomania
- People also receiving electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
- Decreased kidney function
- Decreased liver function
- Diabetes
- Epilepsy
- History of bleeding disorders
- People taking medicine that affects blood clotting (e.g. anticoagulants such as warfarin)
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Adverse effects with Sertraline
The adverse effects associated with Sertraline are:
- Disturbances of the gut such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or abdominal pain
- Indigestion (dyspepsia)
- Loss of appetite
- Shaking, usually of the hands (tremor)
- Dizziness
- Difficulty in sleeping (insomnia)
- Sleepiness (somnolence)
- Increased sweating
- Dry mouth
- Sexual problems
- Headache
- Anxiety and agitation
- Pins and needles (paraesthesia)
- Changes in blood pressure
- Seizures
- Loss of memory (amnesia)
- Liver disorders
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